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Top ten Italian cities for Europeans
For anyone planning a holiday, Italy is a destination worth considering as it has beautiful and historic cities, rich in romance and mouth watering cuisine. One visit is never enough and that is why most visitors find themselves returning to this one of a kind holiday destination over and over again.
1. Rome
Home to the Vatican Rome is a bustling city full of life and vitality. It also houses St. Peters plus a host of other monuments, churches, beautiful fountains and other sites of historical and archaeological value. Filled with excellent restaurants and a range of nightlife options the many attractions of Rome are too numerous to name all, but Capitoline Hill, Mouth of Truth, the famous Catacombs, Spanish Steps, Piazza Navona, Vatican City and the Colosseum are just some of the fantastic sites.
Rome has some fabulous events worth participating in, such as the Eurochocolate, Good Friday Procession, Expo Tevere, the International Urban Theatre Festival and the Rome Marathon just to mention a few.
2 – Venice
Mention Venice and immediately comes to mind weaving water ways and gondolas, the stuff songs are written about. One of Italy’s most romantic cities it attracts more and more visitors each year. The heart of Venice is the Piazza San Marco, while the city also has many museums, palaces and churches worth visiting. So go on a gondola ride and visit the Campanile Di San Marco, Accademia Gallery, Parco Delle Rimembranze and the Ponte Di Rialto, while being serenaded by your gondolier, if you’re lucky!
3 – Florence
Florence is the capital city of Tuscany which brings to mind breath taking scenery filled with vineyards and old but beautiful villas. Florence is one of the most visited destinations, especially by art lovers already familiar with the Florence Renaissance treasures. Its Duomo and Baptistery are glorious but crowded with tourists as is their large piazza. Piazza Del Signoria, Palazzo Strozzi, Palazzo Pitti, Casa Buonarroti, Santa Maria Novella and Medici Chapel are some of the famous attractions in Florence.
4 – Milan
Synonymous with the fashion industry Milan is one of the richest cities in Europe with a rich artistic and cultural heritage. Home to many top designers it is from Milan that many made their venture into the fashion world. Despite the glitzy glamorous side of Milan it has its historical attractions as well, as do most of the Italian cities. The Palazzo Cusani, Santa Maria Delle Grazie, Brera Gallery, Palazzo Litta and Palazzo Marino are just some of the attractions available in Milan.
5 - Naples
Naples is situated in the coast south of Rome and it is one of the most important cities in Southern Italy. Even after the renovation it contains the old setup with historic and artistic places. Naples is filled with street markets and many restaurants. Naples is also home to some of the most beautiful harbors.
6 - Bologna
Bologna is well known for its beauty and wealth. Streets of Bologna are lined with beautiful arcades, ideal for shoppers and tourists to purchase essentials or souvenirs and hangout. There are several attractive squares, historic buildings, beautiful churches, monuments, café and restaurants.
7 – Verona
The well known setting for the most famous of star crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet, Verona is the third largest city in Italy. The venue for the top Italian opera festival, Verona is the fourth most visited city by holiday makers to Italy.
8- Perugia
Situated in central Italy, Perguia is home to large universities surrounded by lush green hills and ancient walls. During July tourists can enjoy two weeks of music bliss with live concerts and exhibitions while enjoying the amazing food available in Perguia.
9- Genoa
Genoa is situated in the northwest coast of Italy and was a 2004 European Culture Capital making it an ever better place to visit now. It has galleries and museums so tourists interested in culture will not be disappointed.
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Up, Up And Away On A Hot Air Balloon
Probably one of the earliest of human wishes and the subject of endless endeavor is flight. More than the attendant romance to this possibility, it is the idea of utter freedom that makes flying so alluring and men have not slowed down in their quest to discover and use technology to make this dream come true. And he has, to some degree, successfully used his skill and knowledge by inventing the hot air balloon.
How these balloons rose to fame
What we have today in terms of modern balloon technology we owe to the Josef and Etienne Montgolfier of Annonay, France who flew the first successful hot air balloon in 1783, with animals onboard as passengers. As paper manufacturers, the brothers had initially noticed that ash rose with the flames when they burned paper. When animals survived the flight, it was decided that humans can safely go onboard.
King Louis XVI, also known as Marie Antoniette's husband, declared that only condemned criminals should be allowed to man balloon flights. Two very brave men, Marquis Francois d'Arlandes and Pilatre de Rozier, a physicist, successfully lobbied to be allowed to participate in the first flight. Their balloons were made of cloth with hot air supplied by a grill.
The military connection
The earliest recorded use of hot air balloons were those employed during the Shu era by Chinese General Zhuge Liang, a distinguished administrator and strategist. His unmanned balloons, called Kongming lanterns, were used by the military as a means to exchange signals with their comrades.
Manned use for military purposes was done by the French during the Revolutionary wars when they used a hydrogen balloon to spy on the Austrian army in 1794. Balloons were also used by the Confederate army during the American civil war, although they were unsuccessful and incompetent enough to be captured by the Union.
How balloons rise
Today's balloons are almost similar to the ones flown during the early years, except that modern balloons use more durable and safer materials. Basically, a hot air balloon consists of the gondola, which carries the passengers and holds the heat source and the balloon or envelope which keeps the warm air contained. The cloth used for the balloon is usually made from nylon and the mouth closest to the flame is made from fire-resistant fabric.
A flying balloon is operated by partially inflating the envelope with cold air and then using propane burners to inflate the balloon through the opening or mouth. The heat source produces enough heat to create a difference in temperature between the air inside the balloon and the air surrounding it. When the air temperature inside the balloon is higher than the ambient air, it becomes lighter and rises, carrying its gondola and passengers with it.
The altitude a balloon can reach depends on the difference between the temperature inside the envelope and the surrounding air. Theoretically, the higher the temperature difference (with the inside envelope temperature higher than the ambient air), the higher the balloon will go. However, increase in temperature can cause faster degradation of nylon so internal temperature is limited to 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
Why hot air balloons are so popular
Modern use of flying balloons is primarily recreational, although they are also used for other purposes, for example, as methods of transportation for scientific studies involving tree canopies and animal life at higher altitudes.
Hot air balloons have continued to attract new enthusiasts because they are relatively simple to operate and are provide an exhilarating experience coupled with spectacular views. They are also relatively smooth and quiet, aside from the sound of occasional bursts from propane burners.
Sport balloon highs
The highest altitude ever achieved on a balloon was made by Vijaypat Singhania of Bombay, India, reaching 69,852 feet on November 26, 2005. He broke the previous record set by Per Lindstrand by 4,872 feet.
The farthest flight ever completed on a hot air balloon was made by the Virgin Pacific Flyer when Per Lindstrand and Richard Branson of U.K. flew to Northern Canada from Japan. They covered 7,671.91 km. on January 15, 1991.
The longest flight duration was clocked at 50 hours and 38 minutes. Two Japanese, Hirosuke Tekezawa and Michio Kanda completed this flight on January 2, 1997.
The largest balloon ever built was measured at 2,600,000 cubic feet and was used during the Virgin Pacific Flyer record-setting flight. The manned flight also recorded the highest ground speed at 394 km per hour.
About the Author
Thomas Salathe is the owner and designer of Hot Air Ballooning 4 U web Site. A long term fascination in the science and romance of flight and in particular Hot Air Ballooning is behind this web site.
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